Although the membrane at the inlet of the flow field suffers higher stress, the membrane at the outlet is easier to fail because higher humidity leads to lower yield stress. The results proved that nonuniform temperature and water content affect the response of the membrane a lot. By imposing uneven temperature and water profiles according to experiments and simulation, this study systematically investigated effects of varying temperatures, relative humidity, and gas flow directions on the membrane stress/strain in a comprehensive 3D model. Many studies have been carried out analyzing the stress and strain on membrane along thickness direction, but few of them considered the stress along the surface. The membrane usually breaks down at a specific local position due to the mechanical degradation caused by nonuniform hygrothermal conditions in proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
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